Optical Comparator (Profile Projector)
Optical Comparator (Profile Projector)
An automated, instant measurement system that provides highly accurate and repeatable measurement data in seconds; simply place a part on the stage and push one button! Hundreds of critical features can be dimensioned on the part anywhere within the system's field of view. Built in automatic edge detection software allows for measurements to remain consistent among all operators and eliminate subjectivity. This user friendly tool can be used by anyone to compliment your quality control processes whether it is being used in a lab or out on the shop floor.
Product Lineup
Capable of high-definition imaging, the IM-8000 Series Image Dimension Measurement System has triple the detection performance of conventional systems without sacrificing its simple operation; just place the part on the stage and press one button. With a 20-megapixel CMOS sensor and a new algorithm for stable edge detection, high-accuracy measurement on up to 300 features within seconds is now possible. A newly developed, optional automated rotary fixture allows for 360' multi-surface measurement on diverse part sizes and shapes. Achieve accurate and repeatable measurements instantly with its 'place and press' operation; this ensures consistent results regardless of operator experience. The fast, accurate, and easy-to-use interface of this product solve various measurement-related problems.
The LM Series High-Accuracy Instant Measurement System is an automated inspection system that can perform measurements to +/- 0.7 μm accuracy and +/- 0.1 μm repeatability at the push of a button. Similar to the IM Series, the unit has built-in edge detection with automatic focus and lighting. The unit also automatically records measurement data and creates detailed inspection reports. The image showcases our latest LM-1100 model which houses high-resolution double telecentric lenses for precision optical inspection and a large 9 x 5 inch field of view.
Optical comparators are a type of optical measuring instrument used for inspection and measurement in the manufacturing industry. The measurement principle is similar to that of optical microscopes, meaning that no physical contact is needed when using a comparator measuring tool. This is unlike handheld tools, such as measuring tapes or vernier calipers, that use contact between the tool and part for measurement.
Let's take a look at the process of using an optical comparator. First, the target is placed on the stage, and a light is shined on the target from underneath. This causes the target's profile, or shadow, to be projected on the screen. Once the shadow is projected, there are two ways to use an optical comparator. The technician can either measure on the optical comparator by silhouette measurement or by point comparison. Silhouette measurement refers to measuring the shadow while incorporating magnification distortion. Alternatively, point comparison uses a screen with a predicted image. The shadow is then moved to hit each point on the image, and the technician measures the distance that the optical comparator stage moved.
KEYENCE's version of optical comparators – Instant measurement systems (IM) – uses advanced technology to make the measuring process faster, easier and more accurate. Once a part is projected on the screen using a combination of lights, precision lenses and high-resolution camera, these automated optical comparators process the shape of the object while automatically removing burrs and chips that cause inaccurate measuring. Once the shape is processed, part measurement is automatic and instantaneous with the results are displayed on-screen. This telecentric optical system is used to enable accurate measurements with no error resulting from operator skill.
How Does A Telecentric Optical System Work Differently?
Standard optical comparators can warp the shadow from an object depending on the height and width, meaning that there is extra time needed for correct measurements. KEYENCE added a telecentric lens in their optical comparators for distortionless shadows on the profile projector.
With the telecentric lens on the optical comparators, the system can keep a constant and accurate magnification. Instead of variations based on size, the telecentric lens on the IMs secures a 2D image birds-eye view without any prospective angle error from different heights. Not just that, but KEYENCE's system automatically adjusts the lighting, focus, and orientation of the program to correspond with the part (or parts) on the stage and produce quick results.
Optical Comparator Principle (Telecentric Optical System)
Optical comparators were originally developed to inspect the outlines of targets. Models equipped with measurement functions appeared later. Some large optical comparators have screen diameters that exceed 1 m.
Optical comparators are also commonly known as profile projectors, shadowgraphs, or comparator measuring tools.
A typical optical comparator illuminates from below and projects the shadow of the measuring object placed on the stage through a projection lens onto a projection screen. These reasons are why it is also known as a profile projector or shadowgraph.
At this time, the size of the projected image is an image magnified with a correct magnification from the measuring object, and the dimension of the measuring object is measured by measuring this image.
An optical system called a "telecentric optical system" is used in the optical comparator so that it can be projected with accurate magnification from any position on the stage. The telecentric optical system differs from conventional lenses because there is no optical comparator lens distortion. With a general lens, near objects look large and distant objects appear small, which allows you to judge perspective. Telecentric lenses, on the contrary, project the same size for near and far objects.
This telecentric lens on KEYENCE's optical comparator allows you to capture the image of an object at the correct magnification without warping the image.
KEYENCE's IM Series Instant Measurement system optical comparator was designed to be the next-generation optical comparator. Known for the motto "Just place and press," KEYENCE's optical comparator system makes the measuring process a seamless activity that cuts down hours of inspection time.
A: Projection screen, B: Projection lens, C: Movable stage, D: Stage movement handles (X and Y handles)
Precautions, Maintenance and Calibration
Conventional optical comparators require regular maintenance in order to continuously and accurately perform measurements. Maintenance is often performed onsite by a technician as the tool is generally too large to be sent off for regular maintenance.
In addition, regular calibration is required to confirm that the accuracy is as specified. An optical comparator's calibration cycle is 6 months to 3 years. As with maintenance, calibration is generally performed locally.
Benefits of an Optical Comparator (Profile Projector)
A primary feature of optical comparators is that they have two dimensional measurement capabilities (X and Y directions), unlike hand tools such as micrometers, vernier calipers or height/depth gauges, which are limited to measurement in only one direction at a time.
The benefit is that it enables inspectors to double their output compared to the one direction hand tools. Operators can line up the lower left-hand corner of the image with the screen centerline to set up an origin point and get a simultaneous reading of both length and width helping to streamline inspection processes.
Optical comparators use a non-contact measurement that doesn't skew the measurement of flexible parts or damage sensitive parts. During the inspection process, nothing but light touches the part, so the part doesn't have any potential to warp or change shape.
A major benefit beyond part integrity is that non-contact gauges also eliminate the "feel factor" and resulting human error of hand gauges. With this subjectivity removed, companies see an improvement in the consistency of their measured values.
Companies can see cost benefits through optical comparator utilization. One way is that they can reduce inspection time with optical comparators by measuring faster than conventional handheld gaging.
With the time saved and increased throughput, there can be a significant impact on profitability. Another cost saving comes in the form of hard gauges. By using optical methods more, you greatly reduce the wear of hard gauges. Also with more wear and need for periodic recertification, there's a requirement for additional substitute tools to use during these down periods which can now be eliminated with optical methods.
Place the object on the stage of the optical comparator.
A scale is applied to the image projected enlarged on the optical comparator screen to measure the dimensions. Alternatively, you can use the XY stage together and measure the dimensions from the amount of movement.
An optical comparator measuring tool with a computerized calculation function can obtain various measurement results such as width, diameter, and angle by taking measurement points while moving the stage of the optical comparator.
How to Measure a Length/Width Using a Comparator Measuring Tool
Place the object to be measured on the screen and adjust the height of the optical comparator table to focus.
Next, align the orientation of the side you want to measure on the projected image with the orientation of the screen reference line. Adjust the value of the XY stage to 0.
Next, move the optical comparator stage using the stage movement handle and align the other side of the projected image to be measured with the screen reference line.
At this time, the movement amount of the optical comparator stage is displayed in each of the X and Y directions, so this value becomes the measured value. In the case of simple measurement in only one direction, the amount of movement on the optical comparator in only the X or Y direction is used.
How to Measure a Radius /Diameter with an Optical Comparator
Place the object on the comparator measuring tool to be measured on the screen and adjust the height of the table to focus.
Next, align the center point of the circle on the projected image with the point where the screen reference line is public.
In the case of radius, take 0 points here and move the stage to check the movement amount at the point where the edge of the circle was at the center of the stage. In the case of diameter, move the stage once from here to the edge of the circle, take 0 point, and move to the opposite edge to check the amount of movement. In either case, it is common to measure in four directions in a cross shape.
It is also possible to measure on the comparator measuring tool by applying a concentrically graduated sheet called a "chart" to the screen.
In the case of an optical comparator with a calculation function, the diameter and radius are automatically calculated by taking three measurement points at the edge of the circle.
How to Measure Angles on an Optical Comparator
There are several ways to measure the angle with an optical comparator.
A method of checking the amount of rotation of the stage by rotating the optical comparator stage in the θ direction by aligning the straight line of the projected image with the reference line of the screen.
There is a method of checking by putting a sheet called a "chart" with a fine scale like a protractor on the screen.
On an optical comparator with a calculation function, the angle is calculated by specifying two straight lines.
How to Use Overlays
There are several types of charts that can be used with an optical comparator.
For measuring the diameter and radius, there are concentric circle marks. For measuring angles, there are radial marks. In addition, some of the scales are written in a grid to see the XY coordinate values. Both are placed on the comparator measuring tool screen and measured by matching them with the projected image.
Optical Comparator (Profile Projector) Case Studies
Medical Industry
See case studies and white papers from medical companies that have implemented the IM Series automated optical comparator into their inspection processes. Many medical companies require FDA validation for use, so KEYENCE has made a normally difficult task quick and easy with the help of their dedicated support staff, who are experts on all aspects of optical comparators. They have an FDA validation packet that can validate the IM system, and their tech experts are available to answer any questions about this process. Example applications of how to use an optical comparator include medical tubing, stents, needles, vials, orthopedic screws, and more. Learn how one company went from measuring 200 parts in 12 hours to measuring the same 200 parts in 30 minutes with KEYENCE's optical comparator!
Aerospace and Defense Industry
See case studies and white papers from aerospace and defense companies. Dive into how large-part aerospace and defense companies no longer feel unprepared for small-part measuring when they use KEYENCE's optical comparators. The comparator measuring tool system's built-in software automatically collects data and generates detailed inspection reports to help with AS9100 requirements. This data can also be integrated with your desired SPC software for easy data management. Example applications of the optical comparator include precision machined and turned components like flanges and fasteners.
Automotive Industry
See case studies and white papers from automotive companies. Companies utilize the IM Series to meet the production part approval process (PPAP) design and specification requirements. Example applications include electrical connectors, springs/stampings, o-rings, gears, valves, etc.
Precision Measurement Solutions for the Aerospace Industry
Discover precision measurement solutions for the aerospace industry. Explore precision measuring systems for aerospace manufacturing with KEYENCE's easy and accurate devices.
Frequently Asked Questions About Optical Comparators (Profile Projectors)
Optical comparators are designed for two-dimensional visual inspection. For this reason, a part would need to be reoriented and remeasured on the optical comparator for three-dimensional features. Another method would be to use a combination of tools, such as an optical comparator, calipers/micrometers, and height gauges. For example, you can measure any two-dimensional feature using the optical comparator but then move the part over to a height gauge to get any required heights or depths. The final measured results from the optical comparator can be manually written on a report or typed into an existing reporting platform.
KEYENCE's IM Series automated optical comparator measures up to 99 dimensions on a part in 3 seconds or less at the push of a button to +/- 2um accuracy. Once the part is measured, the optical comparator system automatically records the data and creates an inspection report. Our latest comparator measuring tool unit has a built-in height gauge for Z-axis measurements. When compared to a traditional optical comparator, companies see a significant reduction in inspection time, operator subjectivity, and scrap and rework. The advantages in measurement speed, accuracy, and ease of use of the optical comparator are immediate.
Fixtures
Fixtures used for optical comparators are used to fix the object in place to be measured in the correct orientation. For example, a round object can be fixtured horizontally by clamping it down or for fixing an object whose bottom surface is not flat in an orientation suitable for measurement.
There are various types of fixtures for optical comparators, including clips, clamps, and magnets.
Mylar Overlay Chart
The overlay chart is used by matching it with the measurement image projected on the screen. There are various types of charts. For example, those with a grid or concentric scale are generally used.
In addition, by overlaying the diagram chart in which the design value of the measurement target is magnified at the same magnification, it is possible to see how the contour of the design value differs from the actual measurement target by superimposing it on the projected image.
Surface Illumination
The optical comparator can not only illuminate from below and transmit light to create a shadow, but it can also illuminate from above (lens side) to project outlines.
Even if the measurement target is difficult to measure with only the transmission (backlit) image, it is possible to measure it by using the epi-illumination on the optical comparator.
Curtain
Blackout curtains are used to block light coming from outside. It is used to project a shape more accurately on an optical comparator by blocking ambient light.
While the optical comparator is a convenient measuring instrument that can perform various measurements, users can encounter a few obstacles when using a conventional comparator measuring tool.
Measurement Stability
The position to focus on an optical comparator differs depending on the person, causing a measurement error.
Work efficiency and measured values differ depending on the skill of the person.
Not only does the skillset of the person measuring affect the values, but there are other shop floor factors too. For example, ambient vibration from work on the shop floor may disrupt positioning. Another factor may be the number of people who use the optical comparator and produce different measurements.
Responsiveness
When comparing shapes, it is necessary to superimpose a 10x enlarged drawing on the projected image and visually confirm the difference.
It is not possible to acquire the numerical values of the differences from the dimensions and drawings with the measuring instrument.
It is difficult to store and compare data, such as transferring contour shapes to trace paper.
Cost and Effort
It takes time to manually move the optical comparator XY stage to adjust the position and orientation of the target object and acquire the coordinates of the measurement points one by one to measure.
In the case of an object with a step, it is necessary to focus on each change in the height of the measuring point.
Writing various documents and contour shapes is a manual process requiring many man-hours.
Furthermore, you require a specialized technician to operate an optical comparator, report measurements, and draw up reports. If your company doesn't already have one employed, outsourcing can be costly.
Why choose KEYENCE?
Ease-of-Use - Just place a part on the comparator measuring tool system's stage and push a button on the optical comparator to fully inspect a part. The IM Series works with various parts, like machined parts, resin molds, springs, and die-cast parts. There is no tedious learning curve for measurement or the possibility of human error. Instead, all that is needed is a few clicks and seconds for the IM Series automated optical comparator to automatically recognize the position and orientation. Even with multiple types of parts on the stage, the IM optical comparator identifies each one and can differentiate the measurement results.
The optical comparator system automatically measures a part in 3 seconds or less. Not only does the system measure quickly, but it also speeds up overall measuring time by measuring up to 100 parts simultaneously. Even more, the time used for carefully focusing conventional measuring tools multiple times from various positions is completely eliminated with KEYENCE's optical comparator.
High-precision optics and cameras allow for up to +/- 2um accuracy. The accuracy of KEYENCE's version of an optical comparator competes with the manual measuring processes because of how easily measuring can be affected by other factors. For instance, someone's vision and metrology skill level will affect the measurement output. On the flip side, KEYENCE's optical comparators are almost completely automated and have slim to no possibility of human error.
Speed and accuracy relate to the actual optical comparator measuring, but KEYENCE can go even further and increase overall productivity with the image dimension built-in software features. In seconds, the IMs report statistical values, measurement data, inspection reports, trend graphs, and histograms. With these features, parts move more quickly through the optical comparator measuring process.
Looking to streamline your measurement process by adding KEYENCE's optical comparator to your toolbox? KEYENCE's optical comparators don't require any metrologist experts to measure up to 100 parts at a time. Instead, the intuitive software only requires a press of a button for you to start measuring parts and receiving measurement feedback.
Here at KEYENCE, we pride ourselves in our expert teams and confidence in our products– which is why we offer a free demo for you to see what KEYENCE's optical comparators do. Contact us today, and our quick team will get back to you to schedule a demo!
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