This section describes information ranging from the principles of metal marking and processing to advantages grouped by laser wavelength.
It introduces marking examples and the optimal laser markers for a variety of materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, iron, copper, cemented carbide, and gold plating.
Main Marking Types
Black Annealed Marking
Defocused laser light irradiates below the surface of the material. This causes the carbon to heat up, turn black, and rise to the surface. This creates a smooth black mark on the surface of ferrous metals only.
The following materials anneal well
Recommended Laser Marker model
3-Axis Hybrid Laser Marker MD-X Series
Catalog DownloadWhite Etch Marking
Laser light irradiates the target melting the surface and creating many small and highly reflective pools. These bright pools will appear white.
The following materials etch well
Recommended Laser Marker model
3-Axis Hybrid Laser Marker MD-X Series
Catalog DownloadEngraving
Laser light irradiates the surface etching away layers of the material. Repeated etches on the material will result in a deep engraving.This method allows users to engrave and mark with no coloration, similar to stamping. Engraved marking provides various benefits such as allowing for visibility to be secured even after painting upon marking completion.
The following materials engrave well
Recommended Laser Marker model
3-Axis Fiber Laser Marker MD-F series
Catalog DownloadSurface Peeling
Laser light irradiation peels off the surface layer leaving the base material visible.
The following materials peeling well
Surface peeling will work well on any painted or coated metal.
Recommended Laser Marker model
3-Axis Hybrid Laser Marker MD-X Series
Catalog DownloadMain Processing Types
Cutting
Laser light irradiates a fixed point, usually with repetition to melt the material. The laser can easily melt through thin metals, fabrics, and leather. Because there is no contact, it does not cause a reaction with the item processed. Deformation and cracking is kept to a minimum. In addition, because it is possible to specify processing areas in extreme detail, it is possible to create localized holes or cuts in places where traditional cutting tools cannot fit.
Soldering
Laser irradiation is used to heat solder paste that then joins metals. This irradiation is highly localized allowing for extremely precise soldering compared to traditional methods. This precision also reduces the head effected zone on the parts.
Solder Barrier
As a result of the trend of electronics getting smaller and thinner, connector terminals need to have solder barriers (nickel barriers) to stop the soldering from expanding. Conventionally, masking was used on locations where electroplating is not necessary, but removing the mask material took time and effort. Surface layer peeling using laser light is effective in these cases.
Welding
Laser welding irradiates two targets at the focal point and joins them together by melting and the soldifying the metal. It is possible to irradiate a pinpoint with high density energy and complete the process at high speeds. Material distortion due to heat is kept to a minimum. In the past, deformation occurred easily, but now even thin materials can be welded.
Absorption Rate for Metals
The graph on the left shows the different absorption rates of metal materials with a green laser (532 nm) and with the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm). There is no significant change to the absorption rate for iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) or aluminum (Al) when the wavelength is changed. However, the absorption rate for gold (Au) and copper (Cu) is affected greatly by changes in wavelength. The absorption rate for gold (Au) with wavelengths of 532 nm is approximately 30%, but with the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm the absorption rate is less than 10%. Similarly, with a wavelength of 532 nm, copper (Cu) has an absorption rate of 40%, whereas that rate is less than 10% with the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm.
